Naas nuujinta

Naas nuujinta:Diinta islaamka iyo Cilmiga sayniska
Waxaa diyaariyay:
Dr. C/qaadir C/llaahi Cumar (Dr.Insi)
Kulliyadda Caafimaadka,
Jaamacadda UST, Sanca, Yemen.
Email: insi12@hotmail.com ama insiyare@yahoo.co.uk
Qeybta 2aad…
Caanaha hooyda iyo caanaha warshadeysan ama xoolaha
Caanaha naaska waxaa ku jira in ku dhow 1000 walxood oo dhammaantood faa'iido u leh ilmaha yar, marka la barbardhigo caanaha xoolaha ama warshadeysan oo aaney ku jirin marka laga reebo walxo yar.
Borotiinnada iyo amayno aasidhka:-
Caanaha hooyada waxaa ku jira borotiinnada aad uu ugu baahanyahay ilmuhu, halka kuwa lo'da ay ku jiraan borotiinno aan shaqo ku lahayn iyo kuwo xasaasiyad ku keena ilmaha. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, borotiinnada ku jira caanaha hooyada waa kuwo si fudud uu shiidi karo dheefshiidka ilamah yar inkayar 15 daqiiqo, halka kuwa caanaha lo'da ay yihiin kuwo aaney shiidi karin dheefshiidka carruurta, una baahan inkabadan saacad, taasoo fursad siinaysa in qaarkood ay gaaraan mindhicirrada ka hor inta aan la shiidin, isla markaana sababa xasaasiyad ku beeranta ilmaha yar.
Caanaha hooyada waxaa ku yar amayno aasidhka la yiraahdo phenyl alanine, halka caanaha lo'dana ay qani ka yihiin amayno aasidhkaas, sidaa daraadeed waxaa jira cudur dhaxal ah oo la yiraahdo phenylketonuria, carruurta qabta xanuunkan waxa ay waxyeelo daran kala soo gudboonaataa caanaha lo'da, maadaama amayno aasidhkan uu ku badanyahay, balse wax dhib ah kalama kulmaan marka naaska la nuujiyo [[42],[43]].
Sidoo kale caanaha naaska waxaa ku jira xaddi badan oo cysteine:methionine kana badan inta ku jirta caanaha lo'da. Maskaxda ilmaha yarna waxaa ku yar insaymka la yiraahdo cystathionase oo methionine ubedela cysteine, waana maaddada (cysteine) muhiimka uah korriinshaha maskaxda carruurta, ahna isha ugu weyn ee laga helo taurine.
Sokorta:-
Xaddiga Sokorta caanaha ee lactose la yiraahdo kuna jirta caanaha hooyada waa 7%, halka caanaha lo'da ay ku jiraan 4.7%. Lactose ka waxa uu ka koobanyahay (glucose + glactose), sidaa awgeedna xaddiga sokorta lactose ee aadka ugu sareeya caanaha naaska waxa ay lagama maarmaan uyihiin sameysanka iyo korriinshaha maskaxda carruurta, gaar ahaan bilaha ugu horreeya noloshooda. Dhanka kale caanaha naaska hooyada waxa ay qani ka yihiin Sokorta nooca silsiladdiisa gaabantahay ee loo yaqaan oligosaccharides oo lagama maarmaan u ah korriinshaha maskaxda ilmaha mar dhaw dhashay, halka inta badan caanaha la warshadeeyay aaney lahayn sokortaas.
Aasidh dufaneedka (fatty acids):-
Kolistaroolka waxa uu ka mid yahay dufanaha muhiimka u ah korriinshaha maskaxda, sameynta nudaha Dareen wadka iyo dheecaanka xameetiga ku jira. Caanaha warshadaysan waxaa ku jira xaddi dhan 1-2 mg/100cm2, halka naaska hooyada ay ku jiraan xaddi dhan 7-47mg/100cm2.
Caanaha naaska hooyada waa isha ugu weyn ee laga helo dufanaha arachidonic acid (AA) iyo docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), labada sano ee ugu horreeya, waayo jirka carruurta ma soo saari karo labadan maado ee muhiimka u ah korriinshaha maskaxdooda.
Macdanta iyo Faytamiinnada:-
Caanaha hooyada waxaa ku jira Macdanta uu ubaahanyahay ilmaha, xaddi munaasib ah oo dheeli tiran, jirkooduna si fudud ushiidi karo. Halka caanaha lo'da ay ku jiraan xaddi fara badan oo faa'iido lahayn, dhib iyo daalna ku keena kilyaha ilmaha yar.
Caanaha naaska waxaa ku jira Macdanta la yiraahdo bir ama (iron) xaddi dhan 1mg/litre, waana xaddi si dhammeystiran unuugi karo jirka ilmaha, halka caanaha lo'da ay ku jiraan xaddi dhan 12mg/litre. Badnaashahaasna waxay keentaa waxyeello jirka gaarta.Caanaha naaska waxaa ku jirta maaddo la yiraahdo lactoferrin oo fududeysa in jirku nuugo birta 50-70%, taasoo ka dhigta ilmaha naaska hooyada nuuga kuwa ay yartahay inay ku dhacdo dhiigyarida [[44]]. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, caanaha naaska waxaa ku jira in kabadan 15 curiye, insaymyo iyo faytamiinis badan iyo in kabadan 15 hormuun.
Ka hortagga bakteeriyada iyo jeermis dhaliyaasha:-
Caanaha naaska waxaa ku jira xaddi fara badan oo ah lysozyme, oo muhiim u ah ka hortaga bakteeriyda cudurrada dhalisa ee dheefshiidka, waxaana ku jira xaddi 30 jeer ka badan inta ku jirta caanaha lo'da, waxaa kale oo caanaha naaska ku jira bakteeriyada faa'iidada leh ee la yiraahdo Lactobacillaceae oo ka hortagta inay ku badato dhefshiidka bakteeriyada nooca loo yaqaan (gram +ve) xaddi kabadan 10 jeer inta ku jirta caanaha lo'da.
Mugga qanjidhka loo yaqaan thymus galand ee carruurta naaska hooyada la nuujiyo waxa uu dhanyahay labalaabka kuwa aan naaska la nuujin. Qanjidhkan waa mid dowr weyn ka cayaara difaaca jirka.

Jadwal isbarbardhigaya caanaha hooyada iyo caanaha warshadeysan [[45],[46]]
Nafaqo CAANAHA NAASKA CAANAHA LA WARSHADEEYAY FAALLO
Dux ( Dufan) • Waxa ay qani ka yihiin maskax dhisaha omega 3s, magac ahaana loo yaqaan DHA iyo AA.
• Waxa ay si weyn u daboolayaan baahida ilmaha, heerka daboolideedana hoos ayuu udhacayaa markasta oo uu ilmuhu sii weynaado.
• waxay qani ka yihiin kolesterol
• Dhammaantiis jirka ilmuhu wuu soo nuugaa.
• Waxaa ku jira insaymka burburiya dufanka ee loo yaqaan laybees (lipase).
• kuma jiro DHA
• ma wada dabooli karo baahida ilmaha.
• kuma jiro kolesterol.
• dhammaantiis jirka ilmaha sooma nuugo.
• Kuma jiro laybees. Dufanka waa kan ugu muhiimsan nafaqada ku jirta naaska hooyada, kamaqnaashaha DHA iyo Kolesterol waxa ay ilmaha ku keenaysaa inuu ku dhaco cudurrada maskaxda iyo wadnaha ee dadka waa weyn ku dhaca.
Dufanka aan jirku soo nuugin waxa ay ku keentaa ilmaha la siiyo caanaha lo'da ama warshadeysan inay dhigaan saxaro aad u ur badan.
Borotiinis • Waa mid jilcan, si fududna lagu shiidi karo.
• intooda badan waa mid jirku nuugo.
• Waxaa ku jira Laktoferrin.
• Waxaa kale oo ku jira Laysosaym, oo lid ku ah ilma-aragtida (antimicrobes).
• Waxay qani ka yihiin borotiinnada dhisa maskaxda iyo jirka.
• Waxay qani ka yihiin walxaha korriinshaha ee loo yaqaan (growth factors).
•waxaa ku jira borotiinnada hurdada keena ama dhaliya. • Way adagtahay shiididiisa.
• Dhammaantiis lama soo nuugo, aadna way ugu adagtahay kilyaha ilmaha.
• Kuma jiro laktoferrin.
• Kuma jiro Laysosaym.
• Way ka liitaan borotiinada dhisa jirka iyo maskaxda.
• way ka liitaan walxaha korriinshaha (growth factors)
• Kuma jiraan borotiinnada hurdada dhaliya. Ilmaha yar xasaasiyad kama qaadaan borotiinnada caanaha naaska ku jira.
Karbohaydareyt • Waxay qani ka yihiin laaktoos.
•waxay qani ka yihiin (oligosaccharides), oo xoojiya Caafimaadka mindhicirrada. •kuma jiro laaktoos qaar ka mid ah caanaha warshadeysan.
• way ku yartahay Sokorta nooca loo yaqaan oligosaccharides Laaktoos waxa uu muhiim uyahay horumarka maskaxda. Heerkiisana waxay bar barro la tahay weynaanta iyo kobaca maskaxda.
Difaac xoojiye •waxay qani ka yihiin unugyada cad cad ee dhiigga, halki mar oo uu nuugana waxa uu ka helayaa malaayiin.
• Waxaa kale oo ay qani ka yihiin walxaha difaaca jirka ee loo yaqaan immunoglobulins. • Kuma jiraan unugyada cad cad ee dhiigga.
• in yar oo Igs ayaa ku jira, balse waa kuwo aanan jirka ubaahnayn. Marki hooyada la kulanto jeermis, jirkeeda waxa uu sameysanayaa difaac (antibodies) dabadeedna ilmaha naaskeeda nuugaya ayay ugudbinaysaa (antibodies) iyadoo usii marinayso caanaha.
Faytamiinis & Macaadin • aad ayuu usoo nuugaa irka, gaar ahaan birta, zinc, iyo calcium
•50-75% birta jirku wuu soo nuugaa.
• waxaa ku jira xaddi badan oo ah seleniyam oo ah (antioxidant)
• si fiican jirka uma soo nuugo.
•5-10% birta ayuu jirku soo nuugaa.
• Waxaa ku jira xaddi yar oo ah seleniyam. Faytamiinnada iyo macaadinta ku jirta caanaha naaska waa kuwo intooda badan jirku soo nuugo. Si ay taa ubuuxiyaan waxa ay sameeyaan warshadaha caanaha inay ku daran xaddi fara badan oo ah macaadiinta iyo Faytamiinnada ka maqan, taasoo culeys ka dhigeysa in caloosha ilmaha yari shiiddo.
Insaymis & Hormuunno • Waxay qani ka yihiin dheecaannada wax shiida sida laybees iyo amilees.
• Waxay qani ka yihiin hormuunnada thyroid, prolactin, Oxytocin, iyo inkabadan 15 kale.
• Waxay ku xirantahay hadba cuntada hooyada cuneyso.
• warshadda marka la marinayo waxaa dhimanaya insaymiska waxshiida.
• Waxay kaloo dishaa hormuunnada muhiimka ah.
Insaymyada waxshiida waxa ay xoojiyaan caafimaadka mindhicirrada. Waxay kaloo gacan ka geystaan dheeli tirka falalka kiimikaad ee jirka ka dhacaya.

Jadwal caddeynaya xaddiga ay kaafinayaan caanaha naaska iyo baahida ilmaha sanadkiisa 2aad.
Baahida ilmaha Xaddiga uu daboolayo naaska Baahida ilmaha Xaddiga uu daboolayo naaska
Tamar 29% Foolik aasidh 76%
Borotiin 43% Faytamiin B12 94%
Kaalsiyam 36% Faytamiin 60%
Faytamiin A 75%

Miisaanka u kordhaya carruurta naaska nuugta:-
Ilmaha naaska la nuujiyo caadiyan waxaa u kordha miisaan, waxaana ku soo koobayaa sidan:-
0–4 bilood: 170 garaam todobaadkiiba
4–6 bilood: 113–142 garaam todobaadkiiba
6–12 bilood: 57–113 garaam todobaadkiiba
Celcelis ahaan carruurta naaska la nuujiyo miisaankoodu wuu laba jibbaarmaa marka ay gaaraan 5-6 bilood. Marka ay sanad gaaraane waxa uu gaaraa 2.5 jibbaar miisaanki ay ku dhasheen. Muuqaal ahaan carruurta naaska la nuujiyo marka ay sanad gaaraan way ka dhisma qurxanyihiin kuwa caanaha la siiyo [ [47] ].

Naas nuujinta gaarka ah:-
Naasnuujinta gaarka ah waxaa loola jeedaa in ilmuhu nuugo caanaha naaska oo qura iyadoo loo raacin waxyaabo kale (sida biyo, casiir, caano kale oo aan naaska ahayn, iyo cunto nooc kasta oo ay ahaataba 6da bilood ee ugu horreeya noloshooda).
Naas nuujinta waxa ay soconaysaa iyadoo ay cunto la socoto wixi ka dambeeya 6bilood ilaa 2 sano jir.
Naas nuujinta carruurta ee gaarka ah waxaa la siinayaa ilmaha 6 ilaa 14 jeer maalinti. Ilmaha kol dhaw dhashay waxa uu isticmaali karaa 30 ilaa 90ml, kaddib 4ta todobaad ee ugu horreysa waxa uu isticmaali karaa ilaa 120ml.
Sidaa awgeed marka naaska la nuujinayo ilmaha waxaa hooyada looga baahanyahay inaaney ka joojin ilaa ay ka dareento in naaskeeda aanu caano ku jirin, waayo nafaqada ugu badan iyo difaaca jirka waxa ay la socdaan qeybaha dhexe iyo dambe ee caanaha.
Ma jirtaa xaalado hooyadu aaney naaska nuujin karin ilmaheeda?
Naas nuujinta oo ah fal dabiiciya oo eebe ku uumay aadanaha, way yartahay inay dhacdo xaalad aanaey hooyadu nuujin karin ilmaha ay dhashay. Culeysyo fara badan ayaa si fudud waxaa loogu xallin karaa adeeg wanaagga caafimaad ee isbitaalka hooyadu ku umuleyso, umuliso tababaran, dhaqaatiir iyo shaqaale caafimaad oo feejigan iyo latalin wanaagsan oo naas nuujinta ah.
Waxaa jira xaalado aan caafimaad ahaan hooyada loo oggolayn inay ilmaha nuujiso, sida hooyada qabta HIV iyo tan ku summowday wasakhda deegaanka sida curiyaha lead oo kale. Waxaa kaloo jira xaalado dhif ah oo aaney caano ka imaanayn naaska hooyada, sababtoo ah hormuunka caanaha dhaliya ee prolactin la yiraahdo oo yar ama aan la soo saarin awgeed, xaaladdan waxaa keena cudur loo yaqaan Sheehan's syndrome, oo ka dhasha cadaadiska dhiigga oo si kedis ah hoos ugu dhaca waqtiga dhalmada sababtoo ah dhiigbax culus.

Tixraaca Qormada________________________________________
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